Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Le Pas-de-Calais, terre de labeurs : l'industrie

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Le département du Pas-de-Calais a fortement été marqué par le développement d’activités industrielles. A la fin du 19e siècle déjà, 37,5% des chefs de famille en activité travaillent dans l’industrie.

Fleurons de l’histoire du département, les usines textiles ont été une source d’emplois importante. En 1907, la production de tulle fournit par exemple du travail à 40% de la population calaisienne. Moins connue, l’usine Lee Cooper s’implante à Boulogne-sur-Mer en 1972. Le territoire a également longtemps été renommé pour la fabrication des chaussures à Lillers, la faïencerie à Desvres qui s’est développée dès 1765 ou encore pour la production du verre. Arc international est aujourd’hui le plus grand site de production verrière mondial.

Ce développement industriel est aussi dû à la richesse des sols. Les carrières de marbre du boulonnais sont exploitées de manière artisanale depuis la fin du Moyen-Âge, mais un nouvel essor à la fin du 19e siècle lui donne une dimension industrielle. L’exploitation des mines a favorisé l’implantation d’usines métallurgiques, notamment celle des Aciéries Paris Outreau, même si la métallurgie du Pas-de-Calais reste moins développée que celle du Nord.

Les différents secteurs d’activités du Pas-de-Calais ne sont pas déconnectés les uns des autres. Sans puissance agricole, l’industrie agroalimentaire ne se serait probablement pas autant développée dans le département. On compte ainsi de nombreuses brasseries et sucreries. De même, la présence de ports importants et de mines a favorisé l’installation d’industries. Ainsi dès la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle les sites de productions s’installent dans les zones portuaires, près du bassin minier ou le long des voies ferrées. Ce mouvement s’accélère après la Première guerre mondiale : les industries se concentrent avec le développement des moyennes et grandes entreprises au détriment des plus petits ateliers. A l’inverse, on peut noter qu’avant la guerre le travail à domicile est encore très présent. Ainsi 30 000 personnes travaillent encore à domicile dans le secteur textile en 1914.

L’entre-deux-guerres c’est aussi le moment de la seconde révolution industrielle. Les structures financières se modernisent, ce qui permet des investissements importants. Dans le travail en tant que tel on observe de multiples évolutions : emploi du moteur électrique, mécanisation ou encore organisation rationnelle du travail avec le taylorisme. Toutefois cette seconde révolution se fait timide dans le Pas-de-Calais : la trame industrielle reste figée avec peu de diversification des activités et aucune industrie de pointe qui s’y installe. Il existe toutefois des exceptions, notamment avec le secteur chimique dans la vallée de la Scarpe et à Calais ou la métallurgie arrageoise.

 

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eZ debug

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Timing: Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Script start
Timing: Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Module start 'content'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'lib/template'. The untranslated message is: 'The maximum nesting level of %max has been reached. The execution is stopped to avoid infinite recursion.'
Timing: Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Module end 'content'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Content structure'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Media library'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'User accounts'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Webshop'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Design'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Setup'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'My account'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'eZTags'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'eZComments'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'eZFind'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Lists by class'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Newsletter'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'SMS'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'formviewcount'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'telmedia'
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Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
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eZTemplate: Loading template "content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/abreviation.tpl" with resource "design"
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eZTemplate: Loading template "content/datatype/view/ezxmltags/paragraph.tpl" with resource "design"
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Object relation'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Image'
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Warning: eZImageManager::readImageAliasesFromINI Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
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Error: eZImageManager::createAliasFromINI Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
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Warning: eZImageManager::readImageAliasesFromINI Nov 26 2024 09:28:37
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Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Object relations'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Selection'
Timing: Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
Script end
Notice: Nov 26 2024 09:28:38
eZTemplate: Loading template "setup/debug_toolbar.tpl" with resource "design"

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Mysql Total
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 Number of unique templates used: 5

Time used to render debug report: 0.0005 secs