Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Le Pas-de-Calais, terre de labeurs : le monde rural

Galerie photos

Parmi les activités nourricières du Pas-de-Calais, l’agriculture est évidemment une des plus marquantes. Le Département a été et est toujours une puissance agricole à l’échelle de la France.

Des cultures sont particulièrement emblématiques sur le territoire : le chou de l’Audomarois, la betterave, les endives, la chicorée, le houblon, le lin, l’œillette, le blé, la pomme de terre pour ne donner que quelques exemples. Le département est également une terre d’élevage : bovins, porcins ou ovins sont en effet très présents. Ces derniers permettent encore aujourd’hui l’entretien d’espaces protégés : près de 540 hectares d’espaces naturels dans le Pas-de-Calais et le Nord sont par exemple gérés avec des brebis boulonnaises.

Ces cultures et ces élevages traditionnels perdurent encore aujourd’hui. Depuis la fin du 19e siècle ils ont pourtant connu de nombreuses évolutions : nouvelle organisation du monde agricole, disparition des jachères, mécanisation, augmentation de la superficie des fermes et diminution du nombre d’agriculteurs. 

Cette puissance agricole a plusieurs origines et peut notamment compter sur un réseau de transport bien développé dès la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle. Dès la Belle Epoque l’agriculture se modernise via la mécanisation et l’utilisation d’engrais notamment. De même, la jachère est moins pratiquée et les agriculteurs se tournent vers des cultures plus performantes : les céréales pauvres sont délaissées au profit du blé qui donne de plus hauts rendements. A cela s’ajoute une organisation précoce de la défense des intérêts du monde rural à travers des revendications protectionnistes et l’organisation du crédit et des assurances agricoles.  Dans ce sens se développe aussi le syndicalisme agricole. En 1913 25% des agriculteurs sont adhérents à un syndicat. Ainsi, si la Grande Dépression a touché le monde rural dès les années 1870, elle est contrebalancée par les politiques protectionnistes qui s’appliqueront jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale.

Il est toutefois intéressant de souligner les différences internes au Pas-de-Calais. A la fin du 19e siècle, à l’Est et au Nord-Est l’agriculture est moderne et sans jachère alors qu’à l’Ouest on compte encore 20 à 25% de jachère. Cette disparité s’explique par des conditions naturelles propres au terroir de chaque région mais également par une diffusion du progrès technique et d’accès à la propriété plus lentes à l’Ouest qu’à l’Est.

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Timing: Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
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Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'lib/template'. The untranslated message is: 'The maximum nesting level of %max has been reached. The execution is stopped to avoid infinite recursion.'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Media library'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'User accounts'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Webshop'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Design'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Setup'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'My account'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'eZTags'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Newsletter'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'SMS'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Image'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Object relations'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Selection'
Timing: Nov 26 2024 10:00:09
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eZTemplate: Loading template "setup/debug_toolbar.tpl" with resource "design"

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 Number of unique templates used: 4

Time used to render debug report: 0.0006 secs