Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Le donjon de Bours

Avec ce parcours, découvrez le site du Donjon de Bours sous l’angle archéologique et patrimonial.

Historique de l’évolution du Donjon de Bours

  • La tour seigneuriale de Bours constitue un témoin de la puissance de seigneurs locaux à la fin du 14ième et au début du 15ième siècle. À la fois donjon et résidence seigneuriale, elle possède une architecture caractéristique. Entièrement en grès d’Artois, cette tour à base carrée est flanquée de six tourelles cylindriques en encorbellement : quatre aux angles et deux sur les faces nord et sud. Outre le caractère défensif pour la surveillance des abords, cela permet également d’agrandir l’espace intérieur et d’aménager des cabinets indépendants de l’espace central.
  • Après avoir vécu les incendies du 16ième siècle, frôlé la ruine suivie d’une rénovation , le donjon de Bours est classé en totalité au titre des Monuments Historiques par arrêté du 23 février 1965.
  • De 1982 à 2014, le Donjon accueille les bureaux de la mairie. Le monument est géré depuis 2011 par la Communauté de Communes du Ternois qui a engagé le projet de restauration et de valorisation du site.
  • Une étude préalable avec un diagnostic est réalisée en 2011 par l’Agence d’Architectes du patrimoine Nathalie T’Kint.
  • Des recherches historiques et un diagnostic archéologique réalisé en 2012 mettent au jour un ensemble complet pour les 14ième -16ième siècles avec haute-cour composée d’un jardin et basse-cour constituée de sa ferme et dépendances.
  • La restauration du clos et couvert ainsi que la réalisation d’un programme de valorisation du site se déroulent de septembre 2014 à avril 2015, soutenue par la DRAC des Hauts-de-France et le Département du Pas-de-Calais. En 2018, un espace d’accueil et d’interprétation est aménagé à proximité du site castral dans un ancien logis rural du début du 18ième siècle.
  • Depuis juin 2019 et après des années d’études et de travaux, le lieu est accessible au public. Il se compose donc de la maison du Donjon, accueil du site, et de la maison forte du 14ième siècle. Cette dernière est exclusivement dévolue à la visite guidée de ses pièces grâce à une scénographie dédiée basée sur des prospections historiques. Autour de la maison forte, un chemin de promenade circulaire permet d’observer l’architecture du monument.
  • Le donjon de Bours avant et après restauration

Course : step 7/8

Les aménagements extérieurs du Donjon

Aménagements extérieurs et valorisation du donjon de Bours

Les abords du Donjon présentent un double enjeu : permettre l’accès du public au site tout en préservant l’intégrité du site et son histoire. Ainsi le projet de passerelle a fait l’objet de concertation avec l’ensemble des partenaires afin de proposer un ouvrage moderne, respectueux du lieu avec des matériaux adaptés.

Pose de la passerelle d'accès au donjon

Cet élément fait également référence aux vestiges de passerelle en bois identifiés lors du chantier archéologique. Cet aménagement a permis de décaisser les terres selon le principe des douves du donjon et de redonner également la lecture de toute la hauteur. La passerelle est en bois en mélèze, le barreaudage vertical en bois sur structure métallique atténue l’impression de lourdeur. Un prototype a été réalisé au préalable afin de visualiser l’effet final.

Le chemin de promenade en travaux

Le chemin circulaire permet au public de faire le tour de la maison-forte tout en rappelant la fonction même du Donjon. En effet, le donjon était autrefois ceinturé par les fossés remplis d’eau. Le chemin de circulation permet de comprendre cet aspect défensif et favorise la découverte du lieu. Les abords du donjon feront prochainement l’objet d’un aménagement paysager.

Le chemin de promenade durant les travaux

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