Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Pleasance. L'été sur la côte d'Opale, 1880-1914

À la fin du 19e siècle, en quête d’air pur et de nature, la classe aisée se presse sur les plages de la Côte d’Opale. Le développement du réseau ferré facilite le déplacement de cette clientèle citadine, venue directement des grandes villes de la région, de Paris ou d’Angleterre. La création d’hôtels et de villas, accompagnée d’une offre accrue de distractions et de loisirs, participent au phénomène de villégiature, inspiré par le modèle anglais. À la suite de Boulogne-sur-Mer et lui faisant directement concurrence, les stations balnéaires telles que Wimereux, Berck, Le Touquet ou Hardelot se développent, chacune cherchant à mettre en avant la qualité de ses infrastructures.

Partageant cet engouement pour le plein air, de nombreux peintres se sont établis sur les rivages du Pas-de-Calais. Intéressés par les reflets changeants de la lumière et l’aspect sauvage des paysages, ces artistes ont partagé la plage avec les marins-pêcheurs au travail et les élégantes venues se divertir.

Course : step 10/12

Programme de l'établissement des bains de Boulogne

Thématique 3: La villégiature

Le lieu

Boulogne-sur-Mer est la première ville du Pas-de-Calais à s’être lancée dans l’aventure du balnéaire. Ainsi, dès 1785, elle se dote d’un établissement des bains. Agrandi en 1825, il est reconstruit en 1863. Situé en front de mer et entouré par des dizaines d’hôtels, il est le cœur de la vie mondaine des estivants venus, au départ, s’adonner aux bains de mer.

Couverture du programme de divertissements proposés à la Belle Epoque dans l'établissement de bains de mer de Boulogne-sur-Mer

Programme de l’établissement des bains de mer, Boulogne. 1881, papier, collections départementales du Pas-de-Calais. © CD62

 Le programme

Au sein de l’établissement des bains, se trouvent alors un aquarium, une salle de baccara, des salles de bals, des salles de jeux, une bibliothèque, un café-restaurant…

Durant la « saison », la municipalité organise nombre de distractions pour la bonne société. Le théâtre notamment est souvent mis à contribution afin de proposer concerts et pièces de théâtre dans ce que les Britanniques appellent le « casino ». De nombreux programmes sont aujourd’hui conservés et démontrent la qualité des prestations mais aussi leur quantité : jusqu’à trois évènements par jour pouvaient être organisés.

Sources :

  • Frédéric Debussche (dir.), service Ville d’art et d’histoire de Boulogne, FOCUS, la station balnéaire, Boulogne , avril 2017 (brochure)
  • Frédéric Debussche, Architecture du XIXe siècle à Boulogne-sur-Mer, architecture religieuse et architecture des loisirs , commission départementale d’histoire et d’archéologie du Pas-de-Calais, 2004 (livre)

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