Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Pleasance. L'été sur la côte d'Opale, 1880-1914

À la fin du 19e siècle, en quête d’air pur et de nature, la classe aisée se presse sur les plages de la Côte d’Opale. Le développement du réseau ferré facilite le déplacement de cette clientèle citadine, venue directement des grandes villes de la région, de Paris ou d’Angleterre. La création d’hôtels et de villas, accompagnée d’une offre accrue de distractions et de loisirs, participent au phénomène de villégiature, inspiré par le modèle anglais. À la suite de Boulogne-sur-Mer et lui faisant directement concurrence, les stations balnéaires telles que Wimereux, Berck, Le Touquet ou Hardelot se développent, chacune cherchant à mettre en avant la qualité de ses infrastructures.

Partageant cet engouement pour le plein air, de nombreux peintres se sont établis sur les rivages du Pas-de-Calais. Intéressés par les reflets changeants de la lumière et l’aspect sauvage des paysages, ces artistes ont partagé la plage avec les marins-pêcheurs au travail et les élégantes venues se divertir.

Course : step 8/12

Affiche des chemins de fer du Nord. Boulogne

Thématique 3: La villégiature

L'auteur

La Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord est créée le 20 septembre 1845, par le banquier James de Rothschild et ses associés. Elle exploite la concession accordée par l'État des lignes allant de Paris à la frontière belge. Elle a pour partenaire une compagnie ferroviaire britannique, la South Eastern & Chatham railway, dont la clientèle emprunte les transports pour se rendre à Paris, via Boulogne. Depuis des décennies, de nombreux Britanniques fréquentent également assidument Boulogne-sur-Mer, la pionnière des stations balnéaires de la Côte d’Opale.

affiche du chemin de fer du Nord faisant la promotion de Boulogne-sur-Mer, terre franco-anglaise, montrant M. Fallière et Edward VII se serrant la main

Chemin de fer du Nord – South Eastren & Chatham Railway – Boulogne-sur-Mer , 1908, impression, Archives départementales du Pas-de-Calais © Archives départementales du Pas-de-Calais

L'œuvre 

Cette affiche célèbre les rapports franco-anglais, alors au beau fixe. Elle est réalisée 4 ans après la signature de l’Entente cordiale (le 8 avril 1904). Le roi d’Angleterre Edouard VII et le président de la République Armand Fallières y sont représentés, habillés en marin. L’un en blanc, l’autre en bleu, ils échangent une franche poignée de main. Derrière eux, le soleil se couche sur la mer. Il s’agit en fait d’une matelote boulonnaise portant la coiffe traditionnelle.

Source :

Frédéric Debussche, Architecture du XIXe siècle à Boulogne-sur-Mer, architecture religieuse et architecture de loisirs , VAH, Boulogne-sur-Mer, 2004,

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