Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Le circuit des églises fortifiées de l'Artois

Du Moyen-âge à l’époque moderne ( 10e au 18e siècle), le département du Pas-de-Calais était en partie représenté par le comté d’Artois qui s’étendait d’Arras et Thérouanne jusqu’aux portes de Montreuil, Calais et Douai. Le département du Pas-de-Calais était alors partagé entre plusieurs puissances européennes : la France, l’Angleterre (Calais) et l’Espagne. Entre le 14e et le 16e siècle, la position frontalière du comté d’Artois en fait le terrain privilégié des luttes féodales entre ces puissances pour étendre leur domination territoriale.

Pour se protéger des attaques et des pillages incessants, la population cherche refuge dans le seul bâtiment solide du village : l’église.

En effet, à l’époque, les maisons construites en bois et en torchis étaient facilement détruites. Aux 16e et 17e siècles, on assiste à une importante phase de construction ou de reconstruction des édifices religieux, pour y intégrer des éléments militaires défensifs. Les églises fortifiées rythment les paysages d’Artois et rappellent le passé mouvementé de cette région. Ce parcours vous propose de partir à la découverte de ces édifices hors du commun.

Course : step 9/21

L'église Notre-Dame de Frévin-Capelle

Histoire de l'édifice

Le village de Frévin a été érigé en cure en 1150. Cependant, le premier témoignage matériel d’une église à Frévin date du 16e siècle. En effet, la nef de l’église actuelle date de 1551 comme l’indique la date gravée sur le claveau du portail sud. L’église a été remaniée depuis : il existait certainement un clocher-mur au-dessus de l’entrée de la nef avant le 16e siècle : on peut voir encore aujourd’hui un trou qui permettait de passer la corde des cloches. Une tour est ensuite construite en 1649. Le chœur quant à lui date du 18e siècle (après 1732). Le clocher a été restauré et modifié à la fin du 19e siècle pour avoir sa structure actuelle.

Détail sur les meurtrières situées au sommet de la tour

La tour de l’église Notre-Dame a été construite au 17e siècle, en période de troubles politiques dans l’Artois. Elle est donc fortifiée pour assurer la surveillance du village. On peut voir sur les albums de Croÿ la structure de la tour avant ses remaniements au 19e siècle. L’église était surmontée d’un chemin de ronde visible par ses tourelles de guet aux quatre angles. Ces tourelles ont disparu aujourd’hui : jusqu’en 1886, la tour était coiffée d’une flèche en pierre à crochets qui a été foudroyée en 1886. Cette flèche a été remplacée par un toit bas nécessitant la destruction du chemin de ronde.

La tour est également percée de meurtrières pour surveiller depuis l’intérieur et permettre le tir sur l’assaillant en cas d’attaque.

La tour fortifiée de l'église Notre-Dame de Frévin-Capelle

Quelques dates clefs

  • 16e siècle : construction de l’église
  • 1649 : construction de la tour fortifiée
  • 1886 : foudroiement de la flèche en pierre à crochets
  • Avant 1920 : reconstruction du toit de la tour et destruction du chemin de ronde

eZ debug

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Timing: Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'Media library'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/navigationpart' with comment: 'Navigation part'. The untranslated message is: 'User accounts'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'EN'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
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Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'FR'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'patrimoines'. The untranslated message is: 'NL'
Debug: ezpI18n::translateText Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
Missing translation for message in context: 'kernel/classes/datatypes' with comment: 'Datatype name'. The untranslated message is: 'Checkbox'
Timing: Apr 03 2025 04:46:24
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