Patrimoines - Pas-de-Calais le Département
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Reclinghem, route de Dohem, Mille ans d'histoire d'une occupation agricole

Des fouilles archéologiques ont été réalisées sur 6800 m² au lieu-dit "Le Village" à Reclinghem, avant un projet de lotissement. Elles ont révélé une occupation humaine presque continue du Moyen Âge à l'époque contemporaine.

Crédits : CD62 /DirCom /DA.

Un premier village médiéval lié à une motte castrale

La première véritable occupation du site remonte aux 10ième-11ième siècles, au début du Moyen Âge. Un réseau de fossés délimite des parcelles dans lesquelles ont été construits plusieurs grands bâtiments en bois, probablement des maisons-étables, ainsi que des greniers et fosses dépotoirs. Cet ensemble constitue sans doute un premier village, peut-être lié à l'établissement d'une motte castrale à proximité.

Remaniements de l'espace aux 11ième-13ième siècles

Entre la seconde moitié du 11e siècle et le 13e siècle, l'organisation de l'espace est totalement modifiée. Les bâtiments sont remplacés par de nouveaux réseaux de fossés formant des enclos. L'un d'eux semble avoir servi à stocker une meule de foin. L'habitat se déplace probablement vers l'est, en direction du cœur actuel du village.

Un colombier et une ferme à partir du 14ième siècle

Après une phase d'abandon, le site est réoccupé un peu plus au sud à partir du 14ième siècle. Deux bâtiments successifs, interprétés comme des colombiers, sont construits. Des fondations découvertes à proximité pourraient appartenir à la ferme qui les exploitait.

Une ferme typique du Nord aux époques moderne et contemporaine

À partir de l'époque moderne, une ferme s'installe à l'extrémité sud de la zone fouillée. Quatre bâtiments d'habitation et agricoles s'organisent autour d'une cour, selon un plan caractéristique des fermes du Nord de la France .  Mentionnée sur le cadastre de 1830, elle subit de nombreuses transformations jusqu'à la démolition récente d'une grande partie des bâtiments. Un chemin, aujourd'hui disparu, la longeait à l'ouest.

Le passage de soldats anglais pendant la Première Guerre mondiale

Des fosses dépotoirs alignées le long de l'ancien chemin ont livré des objets témoignant du passage de soldats anglais à Reclinghem durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Le village constituait sans doute une halte sur la route entre les ports de la Manche et le front de l'Artois.

Fouille de Reclinghem en 2020

Galerie photos

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Une occupation dense du 10e au 21e siècle à Reclinghem

Cette fouille apporte un nouvel éclairage sur l'histoire du village de Reclinghem, mentionné dans les textes dès 828. Elle atteste l'existence d'une communauté paysanne dès le haut Moyen Âge, probablement sous le contrôle d'un pouvoir seigneurial. Son évolution reflète les mutations de l'habitat rural et des pratiques agricoles au fil des siècles. Ces découvertes contribuent ainsi à la connaissance des campagnes du nord de la France au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne.

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